2018年3月1日，中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所甘蓝青花菜研究团队在期刊Journal of Proteomics（2023IF=3.3，Q2）上发表了题为“Complementary transcriptome and proteome profiling in cabbage buds of a recessive male sterile mutant provides new insights into male reproductive development”的论文。论文第一作者是季家磊博士，通讯作者是杨丽梅研究员。

植物雄性生殖发育是一个非常复杂的生物过程，涉及多条代谢途径。为了揭示雄性生殖发育的新见解，作者对一个甘蓝隐性遗传雄性不育突变体的发育中的花蕾中的基因活性进行了综合分析。利用RNA-Seq和非标记定量蛋白质组学方法，共鉴定出2881个转录本和1245个蛋白质组分，表明不育系83121A与保持系83121B的丰度差异显著。对转录组、蛋白质组和蛋白质相互作用网络的功能注释和相互关系进行了分析，表明雄性不育涉及复杂的调控模式。

此外，一些关键的生物学过程，如脂肪酸代谢、绒毛体生物合成、氨基酸代谢以及蛋白质的合成和降解与雄性生殖发育有关。83121A花蕾中大量参与孢子花粉素合成、氨基酸合成、核糖体组装、内质网蛋白质加工和脂类转运的蛋白质种类显著下降，表明它们在甘蓝小孢子败育的调控中具有潜在的作用。总之，转录组和蛋白质组的联合分析提供了关于83121A雄性不育花蕾分子动力学的全局分析。

生物学意义：雄性不育突变体是研究植物雄性生殖发育的优良材料。本研究在转录组和蛋白质组水平上揭示了甘蓝隐性雄性不育的分子动力学，加深了对甘蓝雄性发育代谢途径的认识。此外，本研究获得的甘蓝雄性不育相关基因可为利用基因工程技术进行甘蓝育性的人工调控提供参考，在利用雄性不育制种等农业上具有潜在的应用前景。

Fig. 1. A. Phenotypic characterization of 83121A and 83121B. B. TEM micrographs of tapetum cells in 83121B at the mid-to-late uninucleate stage. Scale bars = 1 μm. C. TEM micrographs of tapetum cells in 83121A at the mid-to-late uninucleate stage. Scale bars = 2 μm. D. Peptides and proteins identified from label-free proteomics by searching against cabbage database. E. Comparison of differential abundant transcripts identified in the 83121A (A) and 83121B (B). F. Comparison of DAPS identified in the 83121A (A) and 83121B (B). Mi, microspore; Ex, exine; Lo, locule; Ta, tapetosomes; Va, vacuole. “↑” and “↓” indicate up-accumulated and down-accumulated, respectively. “A + B” indicates the differential abundant
transcripts or DAPS identified in both lines.

Fig. 2. A. Principal component analysis at the transcriptome level. B. Principal component analysis at the proteome level. C. The correlation analysis of abundance changes from transcriptome to proteome. D. Comparison of significant differences between the transcriptome and proteome. T: transcript; P: protein species; N: no change; U: up-accumulation; D: down-accumulation.

Fig. 3. A. GO categories for significantly differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome. B. GO categories for significantly differentially abundant protein species in the proteome.

Fig. 4. A. Protein-protein interaction network of protein species that are differentially accumulated between 83121A and 83121B. Annotations of protein species and genes are available in Table S6. A green background means down-accumulated protein species, a red background means up-accumulated protein species, a purple background means a down-regulated gene, and a blue background means a mutant gene. B. GO categories of the genes or protein species in the protein-protein interaction network. The categories belonging to biological process, cellular component and molecular function are highlighted in red, green and blue, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 5. Abundance patterns of transcripts and protein species for pollen exine formation in the developing buds of 83121A and 83121B. Annotations of protein species and genes are available in Table S6. White characters with a yellow background are genes, whereas white characters with a blue background are protein species. The expression value was log2 transformed. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 6. A. Protein phylogeny of oleosin in B. oleracea and Arabidopsis. Thirteen BoT-oleosins are marked with solid black triangles, whereas the Arabidopsis T-oleosins are marked with open triangles. B. The heat map of BoT-oleosin genes and protein species. White characters with a yellow background are genes, whereas white characters with a blue background are protein species. The expression value was log2 transformed. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 7. Abundance patterns of transcripts and protein species involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids in developing buds of 83121A and 83121B. Annotations of protein species and genes are available in Table S6. White characters with a yellow background are genes, whereas white characters with a blue background are protein species. The expression value was log2 transformed. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 8. Abundance patterns of transcripts and protein species involved in protein assembly and degradation in the developing buds of 83121A and 83121B. Annotations of protein species and genes are available in Table S6. White characters with a yellow background are genes, whereas white characters with a blue background are protein species. The expression value was log2 transformed. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

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